Methods of Translation among Graduates
Vijayaletchumy a/p Subramaniam, Noor Aina Dani, Abdul Rashid Daing Melebek, Wan Muna Ruzanna bt. Wan Mohammad

Abstract
Malaysian philosophy, purpose and objective of the education system is rooted and based on policies stated in the National Education Policy 1956 and Education Act 1961. Whereas the Education Ordinance 1952 urged all Chinese and Tamil schools to be given equal opportunity to learn English and Malay language together with their mother tongue. This policy has open up opportunity to the non-Bumis to learn their mother tongue without any fixed rules. The learning of mother tongue was not only limited to the basic level, but it continues to the university level. There were 10 methods of translation used by these local university graduates; borrowing, copying, literal, functional, transposition, modulation, adaptation, expansion, reduction and generalization method. The findings of this research is important especially in generalising latest information in a language.

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