Dynamics of Political Development in Afghanistan
Dr. Iram Khalid

Abstract
Afghanistan’s bumpy ride is still on. The tussle between internal and external actors is disturbing the social and political order of the Afghan society. The present study is an effort to answer questions, like, i-How much role does the factor of political history has in present instability? ii- What type of interests do the external actors have in Afghanistan? iii- How can the institutional building be helpful in managing the present days functionalism? By answering the questions the research will conclude that the present crisis is the outcome of internal strife and external involvement. The traits of current situation can be traced in history, the interest game of the major actors and the conflicting personal agendas of the Afghan leadership. They never allowed institution building in Afghanistan. The present political friction is the outcome of the mixture of these elements. A suggested solution is to develop modern democratic institutions while coping with the traditional political culture of Afghan people.

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