Using a New Lens to Examine the Dynamics of Typewriter and Vending Machine Industries
Ping Lan

Abstract
Given the fact that our understanding towards innovation life cycle has been mainly confined to a framework called “A-U model”, which was developed by Abenarthy and Utterback in the 1970s, this paper aims to update our knowledge on the dynamics of industry by introducing a new innovation trinity life cycle model, and demonstrating the usage of the model in two industries.

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